As blood pressure (blood pressure) or hypertension increases, as a rule, retirees suffer, although the disease has recently become more and more to appear in young people.At the same time, people often do not doubt a serious problem, many write headaches in inferior sleep or bad weather.The lack of high pressure treatment can lead to the development of stroke, heart attack.Therefore, for timely detection of the disease, it is necessary to study in detail the main causes of hypertension.
What is hypertension
Arterial hypertension (hypertension), hypertension or hypertension is a serious chronic disease, which is characterized by a constant increase in blood pressure (while indicators of upper systolic pressure are higher than 140 mm Hg, and lower diastolic pressure above 90 mm Hg).Hypertension is the most common disease of the cardiovascular system.An increase in blood pressure on the vessel occurs due to the narrowing of the arteries and their small branches - arterioles.
The value of blood pressure depends on the peripheral resistance, the elasticity of the vessels.With irritation of the hypothalamus receptors, in larger quantities, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone hormones that cause spasms of microsudes and arteries, thickening of their walls, an increase in blood viscosity begins to be produced.This leads to the appearance of arterial hypertension, which eventually becomes irreversible, stable.There are two forms of high pressure:
- Essential (primary).Is 95% of hypertension cases.The reason for the emergence of this form is the set of various factors (inheritance, poor ecology, excess weight).
- Secondary accounts of 5% of hypertension cases.High blood pressure in this form is caused by disorders in the body (kidney, liver, heart disease).
The initial stage of the disease or its hidden course may be suspected if a person is observed:
- Deterioration of memory;
- headache;
- unmotivated sensation of anxiety;
- coldness;
- hyperhidrosis (increased sweating);
- small drops in front of the eyes;
- numbness of the fingers;
- Hyperemia (redness) of the skin of the front area;
- heartbeat;
- nervousness;
- low performance;
- Swelling of the face in the morning.
Causes of hypertension
With the normal functioning of the body, the heart directs the blood through all vessels, giving nutrients and oxygen to the cells.If the arteries lose their elasticity or blockage, the heart begins to function stronger, the tone of the blood vessels increases and their diameter narrows, which leads to high pressure.The onset of hypertension is due to disorders of the autonomic and central nervous system, which are closely related to emotions.Therefore, when a person is nervous, he often begins to increase the pressure.
After 60 years, the development of arterial hypertension is associated with the appearance of atherosclerosis (chronic arteries) when cholesterol plaques overlap the normal blood flow.In this case, the upper pressure in the patient may increase to 170 mm Hg.Art., And the end remains less than 90 mm Hg.Art.Also, many doctors identify the general causes of arterial hypertension:
- violation of blood circulation of all vital organs;
- Psycho -amimal overload;
- spasms of cervical vertebrae muscles;
- Genetic pathology;
- decreased elasticity, obesity of blood vessels;
- hypokinesia (sedentary lifestyle);
- hormonal changes;
- Diseases of the internal organs (liver, kidneys).
- Excessive salt consumption;
- Bad habits.
Men with men
The emergence of hypertension, as a rule, is subject to men aged 35 to 50 years.High blood pressure is diagnosed in patients who already have a stable form of the disease.This is due to the fact that men ignore the first signs of the disease.Often the causes of high blood pressure in the strong half of humanity are provoked by their work.The disease affects those people whose activities are associated with severe physical and mental stress.Responsible workers suffer from the disease, for whom any mistake is always a strong stress.Other causes of hypertension to men:
- smoking, alcohol abuse;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- Disregard for nutritional rules (fast food, sweets);
- Kidney disease (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis);
- drug intake (drugs from colds, colds, sleep pills or hormonal medicines);
- negligence of physical activity;
- Problems with blood vessels (atherosclerosis);
- травматизация центральной нервной систеDis (цнс).
In women
Symptoms of manifestations of arterial hypertension in women and men are not particularly different (shortness of breath, headaches, ears, dizziness), but weaker sex is most likely to encounter such a disease.The causes of hypertension in women can vary from similar to men, and this is due to hormones.There are also such forms of the disease that are not characteristic of strong sex - this is hypertension with menopause and during pregnancy.
As a rule, in women, hypertension is diagnosed during menopause (after 45 - 50 years).The body at this time undergoes significant changes: the number of estrogens produced begins to contract.Moreover, the causes of hypertension in women can be as follows:
- reception of contraceptives;
- stress, overload;
- insufficient amounts of potassium in the body;
- hypodinamia (sitting living);
- excess body weight;
- Poor food;
- childbirth;
- bad habits (alcoholism, smoking);
- diabetes mellitus;
- cholesterol metabolism;
- Kidney pathology, adrenal glands;
- Vascular diseases;
- Obstructive Apnea syndrome (respiratory arrest).
At a young age
Hypertonic disease is rarely observed in people under 25 years of age.Often an increase in blood pressure at a young age is associated with neurociruling dystonia (a complex of cardiovascular system disorders), when only upper pressure indicators change.The cause of these violations in children can be a huge burden during school classes.In almost all cases, high blood pressure in the child is a consequence of the pathology of the endocrine system, ie.Child hypertension is usually secondary.The development of arterial hypertension at a young age may have other causes:
- hereditary factor;
- overeating, the use of a large amount of salt;
- weather conditions;
- Diseases of the spinal column.
- electromagnetic, sound radiation;
- nerve overload;
- Kidney pathologies;
- taking drugs that affect the state of blood pressure;
- overweight;
- Lack of potassium in the body.
- Non -disagreement with sleep regime.
Reasons for developing hypertension
The onset of hypertension in 90 % of patients is associated with cardiovascular problems (atherosclerosis, injured heart, etc.).The remaining 10% are related to symptomatic hypertension, ie.High blood pressure is a sign of another disease (inflammation of the kidneys, adrenal tumors, narrowing of the renal arteries), hormonal failure, diabetes, traumatic brain damage and stress.Risk factors for developing hypertension are classified according to two indicators:
- Improper.The reasons for which a person cannot affect.This includes:
- Inheritance.Arterial hypertension is considered a disease transmitted through genes.Therefore, if the family had patients with hypertension, there is a possibility that the disease may appear in the next generation.
- Physiological factor.Mid -middle men are more sensitive to disease than more fair sex.This is explained by the fact that in the period from 20 to 50 years old, a woman's body produces more sex hormones that perform a protective function.
- Changed.Factors that depend on a person, lifestyle and his decisions:
- sedentary lifestyle;
- Excess weight;
- stress;
- bad habits;
- insomnia;
- the use of a large amount of caffeine, salt, cholesterol;
- taking medication;
- lifting weight;
- Weather fluctuations.
Succession
One of the factors of predisposition to arterial hypertension is inheritance.These can be anatomical traits that are transmitted with genes.They are expressed in the difficulty of blood flow, which affects the increase in blood pressure.The presence of hypertension in relatives of the first relationship (mother, father, grandparents, local brothers or sisters) implies a high probability of developing the disease.The risk of the onset of the disease increases if high blood pressure is observed at the same time in some relatives.
As a rule, hypertension itself is genetically inherited, but only a predisposition to it, this is due to neuropsychic reactions and metabolic traits (carbohydrates, fats).Often the application of a tendency for inheritance pathology is due to external influences: food, living conditions, adverse climate factors.
DISEASES
Cardiovascular disease (heart disease, ischemia) can provoke high blood pressure.With these diseases, aortic gaps are partially narrowed - this means that the pressure increases.Vascular defects in nodular polyarthritis also contribute to increased blood pressure.Diabetes mellitus is another cause of arterial hypertension.The presence of atherosclerotic plaques narrows the river of blood vessels, which is an obstacle to normal blood circulation.The heart begins to function in an extended way, creating increased pressure.Diseases that can provoke hypertension:
- kidney inflammation;
- pathologies of the lymphatic system and liver;
- cervical osteochondrosis;
- violation of the pancreas and thyroid gland;
- artery sclerosis;
- vegetative-vascular dystonia;
- adrenal tumor;
- traumatic brain damage;
- narrowing of the renal arteries.
Hormonal changes
Endocrine organs (thyroid glands, hypothalamus, pancreas, adrenal glands) are frequent causes of high pressure.These pathological processes slow down the production of sex hormones and their effect on the brain of the lower supplement, especially for women during menopause.Serious causes of increased blood pressure, contributing to excessive hormone synthesis, are the following diseases:
- Kushing syndrome;
- thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) - an increase in thyroid gland functions;
- neoplasms in adrenal glands;
- acromegaly (damaged function of the anterial pituitary gland);
- Feochromocytoma (hormonal active tumor);
- Cone syndrome.
Age
Hypertension, as a rule, is most often observed in older people.This is due to the fact that over time, the arteries lose their elasticity, and this has a major effect on pressure.Moreover, in humans after 40 years, metabolic processes slow down, against the backdrop of consuming a large amount of high calorie foods and an inaccurate attitude towards food, overweight develops and then hypertension.
Today, such a cause of the disease, such as age, has undergone changes.The disease is significantly new, approximately 10% of adolescents undergo pathology and, as they grow, the percentage increases alone.A third resident after 40 years suffers from high pressure.Indeed, in addition to the natural decline of body resistance, the influence of inheritance, the lifestyle varies with age.
BE
Another cause of arterial hypertension is the lack of physical activity.Sports have a beneficial effect on blood circulation and the body as a whole, but not many people decide to start leading an active lifestyle in order to protect themselves from developing hypertension.Lack of physical exercise causes overweight and overweight and, as a result, increased blood pressure.
Hypokinesia is a common disease of our time, when a person moves slightly, and this leads to a violation of the work of blood vessels.Unhealthy eating, bad habits, improper lifestyle provoke high blood pressure, as weakening of muscle and back tissue reduces the tone of blood vessels necessary for good blood circulation.Computer work also increases the risk of the disease.
Food
The other factor that contributes to the emergence of high blood pressure is poor nutrition.Salt, sweet, fried, acute, smoked and greasy foods often provoke an unplanned increase in pressure.Indeed, to remove excess sodium from the body, the kidneys require a certain time.By the time this does not happen, the salt excess holds water, which provokes swelling in people suffering from hypertension.
Lack of potassium can increase blood pressure.This element helps to relax the blood vessels, and the body - free from sodium.There is a lot of potassium in tomatoes, dairy products, cocoa, potatoes, legumes, parsley, prunes, melons, bananas, green vegetables, sunflower seeds.These products should be included in the daily diet.It is necessary to reject fat, fatty meat and smoked meat because they lead to excess weight and often accompany high pressure.In addition, such food products are harmful to the body:
- butter;
- canned food;
- offal;
- sour cream sauce, cream;
- sharp spices;
- flour products;
- tonic drinks with caffeine;
- Sweet soda drinks.
Bad habits
A high dose of alcohol and hanging caused by this hanging adversely affects the state of health.Regular and excess alcohol can improve heartbeat, increase blood pressure, cause a heart attack.Smoking also does not affect pressure.Nicotine contributes to the growth of pulse, rapid heart wear, which leads to the development of coronary disease and atherosclerosis.
Tobacco and alcohol have a negative effect throughout the body.When smoking and drinking alcohol, expansion occurs first, and then a sharp decrease in blood vessels, as a result of which their spasms are created and deteriorates in the bloodstream.Therefore increased blood pressure.Moreover, the chemicals that are part of the cigarettes are able to violate the elasticity of the blood vessel walls, form plates that block the arteries.
Excess weight
A common cause of hypertension is overweight and excess body weight.Excess weight occurs due to a sedentary lifestyle, metabolic disorders, abundant foods with a high content of fats, carbohydrates, salt.Open people are always at risk because their high blood pressure increases with the load on the vessel and the heart.
Moreover, overweight increases blood cholesterol, which can provoke the appearance of diabetes.Patients more than one weight 3 times more often suffer from hypertension than people with a normal body weight.An overweight person is more susceptible to atherosclerosis, which is an additional factor in the appearance of high blood pressure.A weight loss even by 5 kg will significantly reduce blood pressure and improve blood sugar.
Ecology
Many people respond to weather pain, ie.They are dependent on the weather.Even a fully healthy person who is rarely in the fresh air and directs a sedentary lifestyle can be sensitive to weather change.As a rule, meteocrisis in people suffering from hypertension appear in unusual climatic conditions and landscape, so before traveling, prepare a street bag.
Poor city ecology also seriously increases blood pressure, damaging the cardiovascular system and developing hypertension.Even the short effect of the harmful substances that a person suck daily can provoke the development of hypertension.Three common contaminants of all modern cities - nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide - adversely affect blood pressure and vascular function.
Stress
Nervous-emotional strain (stress, nervous disruption, excessive emotionality) is the most common cause of deterioration of hypertension.For human health, any negative emotion and depression is dangerous.A long experience of stress is a constant stress that wears blood vessels and the heart faster than this would happen in a calm atmosphere.A consequence of a nervous breakdown is often an increase in pressure and hypertensive crisis.Stress in combination with alcohol and smoking is particularly harmful because such a combination significantly increases blood pressure.
As a rule, in a person with hypertension, the pressure rises and continues longer, even with little emotional stress.Gradually, with repetitions of increased blood pressure, which can last for many months, the apparatus responsible for regulating blood pressure is learned with the load, and the blood pressure is slowly fixed to a certain level.